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Pipeline overview

.esq source
  ↓ internal/lex          hand-written byte-level UTF-8 lexer
  ↓ internal/parse        recursive descent + Pratt
  ↓ internal/ast          AST node types
  ↓ internal/types        two-pass: collect signatures, then check bodies
  ↓ internal/ceir         core IR (ANF, SSA, fully typed); ConstFold pass
  ↓ internal/mir          matrix IR; near-identical to CEIR today
  ↓ internal/backend/cpu/x86   isel + regalloc + encoding
  ↓ internal/object/elf   pure-Go ELF64 relocatable object writer
  ↓ internal/link         shells out to system `ld` with `-e _start`
ELF executable

Each --emit= flag short-circuits the driver at the corresponding boundary; see CLI (Learn track).

Other internal packages​

  • internal/diag — structured *diag.Diagnostic errors with Span / Pos and a Render(src) method that draws a caret. The driver's reportErr uses errors.As to fall through to plain %v for non-diagnostic errors. New error sites should produce *diag.Diagnostic rather than fmt.Errorf.
  • internal/hir — currently near-empty; reserved for an AST→HIR desugaring pass (pipeline, reductions, broadcasts) that today lives inside ceir/lower.go.
  • internal/autodiff, internal/stdlib — placeholders.
  • internal/backend/gpu/{ptx,cuda} — early PTX/CUDA backend scaffolding; not on the default build path.

Driver​

cmd/esquec/main.go wires the stages, owns the --emit= flags, and synthesises runtime intrinsics (print_i32, print_f32, print_str) on demand by appending hand-written x86-64 implementations into the final object before linking.